Groove-cutting machine



` APPLICATION FiLED SEPT.19, T919.

E. VAN NESS.

GROOVE CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Dee. 14, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHED l.

3 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

III;

H. E. VN NESS.

GROOVE CUTTING MACHINE.

1 APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I9 I9I9.

H. E. VAN NESS.

GROOVE CUTTING MACHINE.

lMPLxcATloN FILED sEPT.19.1919.

1,362,202, Pnted 1990.191920.

ESHEETS-SHEE 3.

.7a/.7 VM. 9M.

NIT ESTATES PTNT FFIC.

GRO OVE-CUTTING MACHINE.

Application filed September 19, 1919.

To all wlw/,vi t may concern.'

llc it known that I, HENRY E. VAN NESS, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Elmira, Chemung county, State of New Vfork, have invented certain new and useful lmprovemeiits in Groove-Cutting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines for cutting grooves, especially in metal articles. ln the .forni shown the machine outs a longitudinal interior groove of uniform depth in the inner surface of an article having a hole through it. lt was designed particularly for the purpose of forming a comparatively large keyway in an article having a relatively small hole and to overcome the difiiculties and troubles encountered in attempting to do this on a commercial scale of production with the machinery available in the prior art. l'n the form shown the cutting tool continuously reciprocates longitudinally a. fixed distance, such as that used in actual cutting being driven by a constantly rotating shaft. The person operating the machine may, however, place the pieces of metal or articles in which the groove is to be cut on the support in position for cutting and clamp them in place easily and conveniently during such reciprocation, since at that time the reciprocating tool is moving in a path slightly removed from the surface to be cut and the support is so formed as to prevent the possibility of the tool accidentally striking the article while it is being placed in position and clamped there. After the article is clamped in position, the attendant presses a. starting button or lever which brings into operation automatic means causing the tool to cut a groove of predetermined depth in the article by a predetermined number of strokes and to then return to its original ree ciprocating position out of line with the normal surface of the work, and to continue reciprocating on that line until the attendant has taken off the finished article and substituted another and has again pressed the starting button. ln this cutting operation the tool approaches the work a fixed distance efore its forward or cutting movement and recedes from the work a less fined' distance before the return stroke to prevent the dragging of the cutting tool over the face of the work, and consequent wear and it will be observed that the difference between the amount of the approach movement and the Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920. Serial No. 324,777.

receding movement represents the depth 0f each cut. The continuous reciprocation and the automatic action in cutting the groove and then returning the cutting tool to its original idle reciprocating position, makes it possible to mount a number of work supportsvand reciprocating toolsside by side driven by the same shaft and requiring only one attendant to keep them all in operation. The several tools will finish their work in the order in which the attendant secures the articles in place and presses the starting levers and, therefore, a single attendant can operate a number of cutters at full speed without having any of them idle for any appreciable time. This automatic operation is believed to be broadly new and it is the intention to claim it broadlyV without limita tion to the particular embodiment shown. lie structure furthermore is simple, strong and eilicient, and not likely to get out of arder and includes many other novel features which will be understood from the following description and claims. It will be ruiderstood that the structural features shown in the drawing for purpose ofl illus trating one embodiment of my invention may be changed in many respects without departing from my invention. In the drawings- JFigure l is a plan view including four groove cutting machines embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a view partly in section on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged end view of the work support, the clamping cam being in section;

Fig. a is a cross section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3;

'l 5 is an enlarged section taken vertiv through the tool carrier; and

Fig. 6 is` an enlarged View of one of the operating pawls and its control mechanism.

ln the drawings l0 represents a supporting base which may be-made of cast iron or other suitable material .and which has mounted on it four groove cutting machines as indicated in Fig. l. A rotary shaft ll is mountedk in bearings 12 carried by the base l0 and is driven by any suitable means, such as the belt pulley 13. Fixed on the shaft'll are a series of small disks or cams le having outer surfaces adapted as hereinafter explained to make contact with a portion of a tool carrying mechanism to cause inwardly inclined sine walls.

longitudinal movement thereof.V Tn front of each cam 1a there is a support 15 carried by the base 10, and having the removable cover plate 16 heldin place by bolts 17. The support 15 and cover plate 16 form between them bearings for the longitudinally movable shaft 18, the cross section of the bearing opening and shaft being such as to prevent rotary motion ot the shaft while permitting 'tree longitudinal movement. The end 19 of the shaft is partly cut away at top and bottom, and is provided with a vertical slot in which is mounted a roller 20 carried on a bearing pin 21 and this roller is in line with, and maires peripheral contact with the cam 14. The shaft 18 entends entirely through the support 15 and has at its end an enlarged head portion 22 which in the form shown is circular in cross section. Tt has projecting laterally from it hooks or members 23 to which are secured the ends of the coiled tension springs 241, which are secured at their other ends to hooks or members 25 fastened to the bearing supports 12. These springs are at all times under tension pulling the shaft or rod 18 baclr toward the cam shaft 11 and causing its roller 2O to lmaintain peripheral contact with the cam 111. This caml on the rotation of shaft 11 forces Jdie shaft 18 longitudinally in one direction which in practice is the cutting stroke and the two springs 2a pull the shaft 18 Vbaclr when the low points ont the cam are opposite roller 20. When shaft llisrotating, therefore, the'member 18 is constantly reciprocated longitudinally being positively driven Vby the cam lior the cutting stroke and yieldingly returned by the spring action. lt will, of course, be understood that the invent-ion is not limited to this particular means for securing reciprocation of the mechanism carrying the cutting tool.

The head 22 on the end of the reciprocating member 18 Vhas a vertically extending proj ection 26 (see F ig. 5) whichhas undercut or lf'vertically along the center of the projection 26 there is a groove 2T which terminates short ot the top and bottom of the head 22, leaving end walls 28 see Fig. A tool carrier 29 havan outline similar to the head is mounted on'and iits the outer face of that head, and has a central vertical groove 30 having undercut or inclined side walls in which groove lits the projection 26 oi' the head 22.. Thegroove may be made slightly wider than the projection 26 and a removable iiller'piece 81 may be inserted to maire a close lit and may beheld inplace by set screw 32. The tool carrier 29 may thus move vertically onV the head 22, being guided and held in place by the undercut projection 26 fitting in the undercut Vgroove 8O and the filler piece 31 may be adjusted to make the parts ifit properly and changed in case of opening.

wear. The tool carrierihas central of the groove `30 an additional groove 32 in which is mounted a 4member 33 having a projectingportion 8e which terminates considerably short of the ends of the groove, and which' has therein a vertical screw threaded The member 83 may be held in place by screws 35 and the projecting portion Bil may have an outer removable section BGheld in place by screws 37, as shown in Fig. 5. Th l tool carrier 29 has on its outer'tace the tubular projectingsleeve 38, having therein the filler piece 4:8 in which lits'the end of a cutting tool 35) projecting therefrom on a line parallel to themovement of the shaft 18. The tool is removably held in place by set screws 40, as shown in Figp2. A vertical rod -l-l having smooth endbearings in the end walls 28 or the slot in the head 22 Vpermitting turning but adapted to prevent endwise movement of said rod, is provided along its central portion with screw threads 12, vfitting the screw threaded opening in the projection 84, which is secured to the tool carrier 29. Tt will thus be `observed that the turning ot rod or shaft 4:1 will result in moving the tool carrier 29 and tool 39 up or down in accordance with the direction in which the rod is turned. The rod Ll1 has secured to it above the head 22 a lrnurled iingerrpiece 13 for turning it by hand and adjusting it. Two ratchet wheels all and 45 having their 'teeth `facing in opposite directions are secured to the upper end of the screw threaded rod 11. These ratchet wheels are parallel and close together and, of course, being carried by the shaft 18 have a longitudinally reciprocating movement with the cutting'tool during the operation or the machine, In that movement they come in contact respectively with, and are turned by, the points ot the oppositely facing pam-.ils and 47 mounted on lixed pivots, the contact or one ratchet wheel with its'pawl being on the Aforward stroke oi' the tool carrier mechanism, and the contact of the other ratchet wheely with its` pa'wl being on the return stroke. The result of this turni-ng movement of the ratchet wheels, and the attached screw threaded rodell is in one instance toraise the tool -and Vits carrier, and in the other instance istoV lower the tool. The pawl 47 is mounted on" top of the work support 66 and is pivoted for horizontal movement at 49, and there is a spring 5() tending toturn its operative end in toward the line olf movement 'of the ratchet wheel 14. lts'position, and consequently itsefective action on the ratchet wheel, is regulated by the screw-51 bearingagainst its free or inoperative end.

pawlfd?, the tool israise'da lined distance according to the adjustment of the pawl, and it may be stated here that this takes place When the ratchet wheel '44 comes 1nl contact withand isfturned by its after the tool passes over the work on its cutting stroke, and before its return movement, so that the tool will be moved away from the cut surface on its return stroke and prevent dragging and wear on the point of the tool. The pawl 46 is pivoted at 52 on the top of the housing 16, and the spring 53 tends to turn its operative point into the path of the ratchet wheel 45. Its normal position is controlled by the adjusting screw 54 bearing against its free end, as shown in F 6. The ratchet wheel comes in contact with, and is turned by, the pawl 46 on the return stroke after the point of the tool has been withdrawn across the Jface of the work to be cut, and the result is to move the tool and its carrier down a fixed distance determined by the adjustment of the pawl toward the work. The pawls 46 and 47 are in practice so adjusted and made to so proportionately engage their ratchet wheels, that the movement toward the work due to the action of the pawl 46 will be greater than the movement away from the' work due to pawl 47 and the difference will be the depth of cut made by the tool on each stroke. As above stated, this may be regulated to suit the conditions of the particular work.

The pawl and ratchet mechanism not only acts automatically to feed the tool toward the work for a cut of predetermined depth at each forward cutting stroke and relieves it from contact on the return stroke, hut is also provided with means for automatically ceasing; to cut particular article after the groove has reached a predetermined depth, and then return the tool to its original position ready to act on new work. For this purpose a plate 55 in the form of a short segment of circle. fits around the outer surface of ratchet wheels 44 and 45, and is ad justably secured thereto in the desired position and moves with them. lt has at one end a knob or projection 56 which is in a plane with the pawl 46 and when turned suihciently to the right or clockwise in Fig. l. makes contact with the rear face of ypawl 46, turning it on its pivot against the ten sion of spring until its point will no longer make contact with ratchet wheel 45. .in L-shaped member or locking lever having an upright part 57 and horizontal lower part 56 is pivoted at beyond and helow the free end of pawl 46 and having; a spring` 60 tending; to turn it to the left or counterclockwise in the position shown in Fig. 9, The upright portion 57 normally rests against the free end of the pawl 46 under the tension of spring` 60 and the end of the pawl moves slightly back and forth across said upright portion 57 during the norL al operation, when the pawl rides slightly up on the ratchet wheel 45 in its reciprocations, but does not get out of line or out of contact with the end. When, however, the knob 56 on plate 55 raises the pawl 46 sufficiently, the end of the pawl passes beyond the uprightportion 57 and it falls or turns in behind the free end of the pawl under the influence of the spring and locks the pawl in that inoperative position. The plate 55 and its knob 56 are so placed on the ratchet wheels that the knob will engage and throw ont of action the pawl 46 when the device has made a predetermined number of cuts in the work, and has produced a groove of the desired depth and thus any further cutting will be automatically stopped. It will be understood that at the commencement of the cutting action on any work, the plate 55 is in the position shown in the upper cutting mechanism of'Fig. l with its edge at the point where the pawl A47 would strike the ratchet wheel and at each reciprocation of the cutting mechanism it turns clockwise a xed dista-nce and anti-clockwise a less Xed distance, and thus by a succession of interrupted steps reaches the position where its knob 56 trips the pawl 46. After the pawl 46 is tripped and locked out of action, the pawl 47 continues to act on ratchet wheel 44 at each return stroke, turning it and the plate 55 anticlockwise a fixed distance on each :forward stroke of the cutting machine, thus gradually raising the cuttina' tool from the work. This continues until the plate 55 gets back to the position shown at the top in Fig. 1, and then the plate interferes with the action of pawl 47 and ratchet wheel 44. At this time the tool has by the said action been removed gradually from the line of the work to its original position out of line with the surface of the work and since neither pawl is then acting, it will continue to reciprocate indeinitely without moving toward or away from the work. The attendant on the machine, however, may easily and quickly set in action the mechanism for feeding the tool toward the work by pressing on the button 6l on the end of lever 62 which is pivoted at 63, since such pressure will raise the rod 64 against the tension of the spring- 65 and will through the horizontal section 58 turn the upright part 57 out of locking position behinfl the end of the pawl 46, thus allowing1 spring 53 to turn that pawl into operative position ready to. engage ratchet wheel 45. The iirst stroke thereafter turns the ratchet, wheels through pawl 46 sufficiently to carry plate 55cut of the path of pawl 47 and, therefore, both pawls will thereafter lact as heretofore described.

The work support embodies a main frame 66 secured to the base 10 by bolts 67 and is provided with a circular opening 68, the center of which is in line with the normal movement of the cutting tool 39. Secured to this support on the side next to the cutting fmechanisim-is '-aplate 6.9 havin'gia proj ecting tubular 'sleevefO fitting inthe openrngl 68 :and central wor-kreceiving fand supporting cylindrical lpin T71 having al vertical Y slot therein extendingtherethrough and to a point `near 4i-ts end to receive the 'cutting tool 39. lhe'ai'ticle 72'to1`be Vacted *on by the machine to cut agroove iitsonthefspindle or 'pin 'Tl andw-ithin the sleeve 70. The lower lside wallsr o'ispin'dle "('1 are cut away slightly 'beyond theendvoffthe 'work172 to permit" easy' escape' of theshavings or chips produced' by the'cutting action. A passageway "F3 'for suitable lubricant leads up through thesupport andfdischarg'es into the groove 74 on the innerface 'of plate69 and this groovev extends acrossthetool opening. Lubricant may be `supplied'through pipe'75`firom any'su'itable source. lt'will be observedthat the article' 72 to be grooved maybe easily placed in position :by lhand overthe-"enld oi! spindle 71,'even whilethe tool *39 'isf being rec'iprocated in that spindle, since its cutting edge isshielded `an'dprotected from contact with the work by the proiectin'g parts Vof the spindle until the eedlmechanismis set inoperation. 0n the Vworksupporting'frame 66' in advance of the endof spindle 71 there is a vertical'shait or frod'TG'carrying on yits upper portion a i' 'taryE clamping cam 77 adaptedto'make coifitactwith the end of the `article 72 and press-fitv against plate 69`aii`d hold it in position. The 4cam has acylindrical opening therethroughfitting on the end of shaftV 76 and' the-shaft is provided with a circumfen entialgroove '78 with an enlarged downwardlyfextending portion 79, The end oi a screw 80 extending'through the cam enters this grooveS and vholds the cam against removal longitudinally but they enlarged portion 79 of Vthe groove permitsthe cam to descend a certain distance when itis in one position. The clamping cam may be turned by the `handle 81 and when the end of the pin 8O is inthe lower part of the enlarged portion 'i' 9 ofthe slot, thecam is in a lower position out of line with the work 725 and at that time'ithe work'may be removed and a new article placed 'in position. When the cam is raisedto the point where the end of the screw 8O is in the horizontal portion of the groove .785 the handle may be operated to turn'the cam, bringing its thicker portion againstl the-end of the work and clamping'it in ililacefagainst plate '69. 'The inclined upper portion of the enlargement 79V aids in getting thepin into the horizontal slot. The cam 77 is preferably provided with a cover SQto 'prevent cuttings and'dirt and other trash from" getting in it, and its lower end istapered to prevent v*any cuttings below it,

`from interfering with its action. c

Having thus i described the invention what is claimed-ias new'fand 'desired to lbe secured by LettersPatent'is:

l. In groove cutting machine the combination with a constantly reciprocating cuttingltool, of awork support andV means i'oi clamping the work on said support during the reciprocationsfof said'tool and slightly out oi' the Vlinec'otsaid tool, means adapted to bey brought into action'manually itin' causinglsaidftool'to automatically approach the work at' each reciprocation to cut agroove Vby'a succession of cuts, automatic means for stopping theapproach of the tool tcwardthe work when the groove reaches a predetermined depth7 automatic means for then returning thetoolzto its original or normal reciprocating'position out of line with the work, and'automatic 'means for then preventing Jfurther `lateral movement Voi the tool until manually 'set in operation.

2. 1n a groove'cutting'machine the com-v bination with a constantly reciprocating cutting tool, of a work support and means tor clampingA the work on said .support during'thereciprocations of said tool and slightly out' ot the line ci said tool7 means adapted to be'brought intoaction manually for causing said tool to automatically approach the work at each reciprocation to cut a groove by a succession of cuts, automatic means for making said tool recede Lironisaid work a less distance on the return stroke of each reciprocation, auto matic means for stopping the approach of the tool toward the work when the groove reaches a predetermined depth, automatic means for then returning the tool to its original or normal reciprocating position out of line with the work, and automatic means for then preventing further lateral movement of the tool until manually set in operation.

3. 1n a groove cutting machine thecombinat-ion with a cutting tool and carrier therefor of a work support. adapted to hold the work in position, meansi'or causing relative reciprocatory longitudinal movement Vloetween said Vtool and support and Vmeans adapted to be brought into action manually tor automatically causing a lateral movement ot one of said parts toward the other at each reciprocation to cut a groove by. a succession of cuts, automatic means `for stopping the lateral Ymovements toward the other member when Athe groove Vreaches a predetermined depth and automatic means ior'then returning the partlaterally to its originalposition.

l. lin a groove cutting machine thecombination with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of a work support adapted to holdV the work in position to be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative reciproca-V tory longitudinal. movement between said tool and support suiiicient to cause' the cutting point of the tool to travel in both directions entirely across and beyond the work, means for causing a lateral movement of one of said parts toward the other a fixed dis tance at each longitudinal movement in one direction and a late l`al movement away from the otherl p rt a less fixed distance on each return longitudinal movement, the said lateral movement taking piace in each instance when the point ot the tool is beyond the wor r and out oi contact with it, means for varying the actual and relative distances oi the transverse movements on each longitudinal movement.

5. In a groove cutting machine the combination. with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of a worlr support adapted to hold the work in position to be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative recip rocatory longitudinal movement between said tool and support and means for causing a lateral movement oil one of said parts toward the other a lined distance at each longitudinal movement in one direction and a lateral movement away from the other part a less hired distance on each return longitudinal movement, and automatic means for stopping the lateral movements of the parte toward each other after a predetermined number or" longitudinal movements.

G. ln a groove cutting machine the combination with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of a work support adapted to hold the work in position to be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative reciprocatory longitudinal movement between said tool and support and means t'or causing a lateral movement of one of said parts toward the other a fixed distance at each longitudinal movement in one direction and a lateral movement away from the other part a less fixed distance on each return longitudinal movement, and automatic means for stopping the lateral movements of the parts toward each other after a predetermined number of longitudinal movements, and means fior varying the number of strokes necessary to bring said stopping means 'into operation.

7. ln a groove cutting machine the combination with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of a work support adapted to hold the worlr in position to be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative reciprocatory longitudinal movement of said tool and support, means including a rotary ratchet and two oppositely facing pawls on stationary pivots for causing a lateral movement oi" one of said parts toward the other a fixed distance at each longitudinal -move-` ment in one direction and for causing a lateral movement away from the other part a less fixed distance on each return longitudinal stroke and an adjustable plate fastened to move with said ratchet covering a section ot the ratchet teeth and adapted to come at the limits of its movement respectively under the points oit said pawls preventing successively contact with the ratchet and further lateral movement.

8. ln a groove cutting machine the combination with cutting tool and carrier thereior, of a wovl: support adapted to hold the work in position to be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative reciprocatory longitudinal movement olix said tool and support, means including a pawl and ratchet Yfor causing a lateral movement of one of said aarts toward the other a fixed distance at each longitudinal movement in one direct-ion and means including another pawl and ratchet to cause a lateral movement away from the other part a less fixed distance on each return longitudinal stroke, automatic means for tripping and throwing out of action the pavvl and ratchet moving the parts toward each other when the 0'roove reaches `a predetermined depth, and automatic means for throwing out oi action the other pawl and ratchet when the parts reach their normal original positions,

9. ln a groove cutting machine the combination with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of a work support adapted to hold the work in position to, be acted upon by said tool, means for causing relative reciprocatory longitudinal movement between said tool and support and means for causing a lateral movement of one ot said parts toward the other a fixed distance at each longitudinal movement in one direction and a lateral movement away from the other part a less fixed distance on each return longitudinal movement, and automatic means for throwing out of action the means causing the lateral movements of the parts toward each other after a predetermined number of longitudinal movements, and automatic means for throwing out of action the means causing the lateral movements of the parts away from each other when theyv occupy their original positions.'

10. In a groove cutting machine the combination with a cutting tool and carrier therefor, of means for constantly reciprocating them, a support adapted to rigidly hold the work with the surface to be cut adjacent and parallel to the line of normal movement of the point of the tool in reciprocating, and means controlled by the reciprocating mechanism for progressively moving said tool transversely of its longitudinal movement toward the work a fixed distance at each stroke in one direction and for moving it away from the work a less Xed distance on each return stroke, and automatic means for interfering with and stopping the transverse movement of the tool toward thework after a predetermined number of strokes.

11. In a groove cutting machine the combination with acutting tool and carrier therefor, of means for constantly reciprocating them, a support adapted to rigidly hold. the workwith the surface to be cut adjacent Vand parallel to the line of normal movement of the point of the tool in reciprocating, and means controlled by the reciprocating mechanism for progressively moving said tool transversely of its longitudinal movement toward the work a fixed distance at each stroke in one direction and for moving it away from. the Vwork a less fixed, distance on each return stroke, and automatic meansfor interfering with and stopping., the. transverse movement of Vthe tool toward the work after a predetermined number of strokes,- while permitting the continuation of the. successive movements away from the work on the return strokes.

l2. In a groove cuttingmachine the comi' bination with` a cutting tool andcarrier therefor, of means for constantly reciprocating them, a support adapted to rigidly hold the work with the surface to be Cut adjacent and parallel tothe line of normal movement ofthe point of the tool in reciprocating, and means controlled by the reciprocating mechanism for progressively movingsaid toolv transverselyof-its longitudinal movement toward the. work-a fixed distance at each stroke in one direction and for moving it away from the work ata less fixed. distance on eachreturn-stroke, and automatic` meansfer interfering-.with and stopping,- the-.- transversemovement of vther tool ,toward the work after .a predetermined number: of strokes, while permitting the continuation of` the.A successive movements away from the work on the return strokes, automatic! meansfor stopping ther transverse-movement away from the work: when the -toolreaches its original; normal position anolrmanuallyY controlled means for setting4 said transverse. moving means in conditionfor further operation.

13.. In a groove cutting machine the combination with a-ilongitudinally. movable carriage, of means: for reciprocating it longitudiiially-,atool carrier; mounted-on-fsaid carriage-at itsend and adapted tov move transversely thereof, a rod =connecting said carriage-V and -carrien and. having screw threaded lengagementfwith one of them and rotaryengagement withv theother, right and :left ratchet` wheels secured to sai d rod, two oppositelyfacing pawls.: on stationary supports one being-adapted to make contact with and turn once-ratchetwh'eel apredetermined distanceI on .the movement; of ythe carriage -in one direction to feedy the carrier` intermittently-l and the other! being adaptedl to turn the other ratchet wheelv in the oppo-V site direct-ion a less fixed amount onthe reverse movement of the carriage, and auto-v matic means for interfering with and stoppingthe action of pawl and ratchet turning the rod in one direction after a predetermined number of strokes while permitting its lrotation by the other pawl and ratchet on the return strokes.

14. In a groove cutting machinethe combination with a longitudinally movable carriage, of means for reciprocating it longitudinally, atoolfcarrier mounted onsaid carriage at its end and adaptedto move transverselythereof, a rod connecting said carriage and carrier and having2 screw threaded engagement with one of them and rotary engagement with the other, right and left ratchet wheels secured to ysaid rod, two oppositely facing pawls on stationary sup,- ports, one being adapted to make contact with and turn one ratchet. wheel a predetermined distanceion the movement of the carriage inone direction to feed the carrier intermittently and the other bein-gadapted to turn .the other ratchet wheel :in the opposite direction a less fixed amount on; the reverse movement of the carriage, and automatic means for interferingwith and stopping the action. of pawl and ratchet turningl the. rod in one direction after a predeten mined number of strokes while permitting its rotation .by the other pawl and ratchet on the returnI strokes,- and automatic meanstion. from. which projects a stud or spindle adapted to receive-over its exposed end and fit within and. project from an article: in which zin-interior groove 1s=to be cut,l the said "portionof the support and .projectingl studbeing provided with an opening eX- tending longitudinallyfof the stud `to permitar-.cutting` tool `to pass through said portion of the-support and along thestudgandgto engage the inner Vsurface of the article tobecut. and means for clam-ping said article Von said` stud againstl longitudinal movement.

16.Y ln -agroove cutting machine the com-- bination with a work support-iliaving amar ginal-projecting surface anda stud oit-spin dleprojecting therefrom at right angles` adapted to receive overits-free endandfit within an article in which an interior longitudinal igroove -is-to be cut, the said support and stud having an opening therein to receive longitudinally movable cuttingy tooly in. engagement with the interior surface of said article-and a; clamp for `holding said article on said spindle.

17. In a-gioove-cuttingmachine thecombination with a vvorh support having a marginal projecting surface and a stud or spindle projecting therefrom at right angles adapted to receive over its free end and lit Within an article in which an interior longitudinal groove is to be cut, the. said support and stud having an opening therein to receive a. longitudinally movable cutting tool in engagement vvith the interior surface oi said article, and a double acting hand operated cam which vvhen turned moves to position partly across the end of the article and clamps it against said marginal projecting surface.

18. 1n a groove cutting machine the combination With a Work support having a marginal projecting surface and a stud or spindle projecting therefrom at right angles adapted to receive over its tree end and iit Within an article in which an interior longitudinal groove is to be cut, the said support 'and stud having'an opening therein to receive a longitudinally movable cutting tool in engagement With the interior surface ot said article, a cam mounted on a liXed axis at right angles to and at one side of the end oi said spindle and provided With an operatingl handle, the said cam being so mouutec that it lies normally out of line With the article on said core but is adapted to move partway across the end of said article and ,then press it against the marginal projecting surtace vvhen its operating handle is turned.

19. ln a machine for cutting an interior k ove the combination with means for sin portin the article to be grooved comprising a [ined trame having an opening therein, a plate fitting said trame and secured thereto provided with a hollow sleeve fitting Within said opening and a central stud Within and projecting beyond the end of said sleeve, the said sleeve and stud being adapted to tit the outer and inner surfaces of the article, the said stud being provided with a longitudinal groove or side opening and the plate with a corresponding opening to receive a cutting tool and to permit it to move longitudinally of the article to cut the groove, means for clamping the article endivise against said plate, a cutting tool and means for so reciprocating and feeding it as to cut a groove in the article.

20, ln a machine for cutting an interior groove the combination vvith means for supporting the article to be grooved comprising a Fixed trame having an opening therein, a plate fitting against said frame and secured thereto provided With a hollow sleeve fitting Within said opening` and a central stud vvithin and projecting beyond the end of said sleeve, the said sleeve and stud being adapted to lit the outer and inner surfaces of the article, the said stud being provided With a longitudinal groove or side opening and the plate with a corresponding opening to receive a cutting tool and to permit it to move longitudinally or the article tol out the groove, means for clamping the article endivise against said plate, a cutting tool and means for so' reciprocating and feeding it as to cut a groove in the article, the said plate having an oil passageway and groove leading to said tool opening across the end or the article to be cut.

2l. ln a machine for cutting an interior groove the combination With means at one end of said machine for supporting the article to be grooved comprising a projecting spindle or stud on which the article may be placed and tits ard a hand operated clamp ivl ich when given a slight turn clamps the article endvvise on the stud, a cutting tool adapted to enter said article from the other end or" the machine, means between said support and the other end of the machine tor constantlj7 reciprocating said tool and to ieed 'it progressively toward the Work to cut a, groove, means for automatically stopping the feed ot said tool toivard the vvorl When the groove reaches a, predetermined depth, means for then automatically moving the tool progressively away from the Work until it reaches its origin al normal position, means for then automatically stopping said movement away from the Work vvhile the reciprocations or the tool continue and means having an operating portion adjacent the Work support to manually set the mechanism to cause movement oli' the tool tovvard the Work on subsequent reciprocations.

:22. 1n a groove cutting machine the combination vvith a cutting tool supported at one end and having a marginal cutting edge at its free end, means for constantly reciprocating said tool longitudinally, a support for an article in which an interior longitudinal groove is to be cut so shaped and formed as to receive and guide said article into Working position around and along the reciprocating end of the tool to Working position vvhile preventing contact thereof vvith the tool reciprocating therein, means for securing the article in place in Working position and means for causing the tool to approach the inner Wall of said article and cut a groove therein. f

23. In a groove cutting machine the combination With a cutting tool supported at one end and having a marginal cutting edge at its free end, means for constantly reciprocating said tool longitudinally, a support :tor an article in Which an interior longitudinal groove is to be cut so shaped and formed as to receive and guide said article into Working position around and along the reciprocating end oi the tool to Working position While preventing contact thereof with the.v tool-reciprocating therein, means for securing the article 1np1ace.,1n worklng position, means adapted to be brought into action, manually for causing said tool to automatically approach the work at each reciprocation to cut a groove by a succession of cuts, automatic meansfor stopping the approach of the tool toward the` Work when the groove reaches a predetermined depth, automatic meansy for then returning the tool to its original or normal` reciprocating position out of line with the Work, and automatic means for-then preventing further lateral movement of the tool until manually set in operation.

24. In a groovecutting machine the combination `with a longitudinally movable carriage, of means for reciprocating it longitudinally, a tool carrier mounted on said,

carriage. at its end and adapted to move transversely thereof, a rod connecting said carriage and carrierv and having screw threaded `engagement with one of them and rotary engagement with the other, ratchet mechanism for rotating said rod to move said carrier on said carriage including two oppositelyY facing pawls on st ationary supports one of which operates near the end of the forward Vmovement of the carriage to turn the roda certain amount in one direction and the other of which near the end of the return movement of the carriage operates tol turn the rod a greater amount in the opposite direction and automatic means for preventing that pawl which causesthe greater movement from engaging the ratchet after a predetermined number of strokesy while permitting theV other pawl to continue to eng-age and operate the ratchet and rod.

25. In a groove cutting machine the combination with a longitudinally movable carriage, of means for reciprocating it longitudinally, a tool` carrier mounted on said carriage at itsl end and adapted to move transversely thereof, a rod connecting said carriage and carrier and having screw threaded ^engagement'with one of them and rotary engagement with the other, ratchetv mechanism for rotating said,- rod toA move said carrier on said carriageincluding two oppositely facing pawls on stationary supports one of which operates near the end of the forward movement of the carriage to turn the rod a certain amountv in one direction and the other of which near the end of the return movement of thecarriage operates to turn the rod a greater amount in the opposite direc-tion and automatic means for preventing that pawl which causes the greater movement from engaging the ratchet after a predetermined number of strokes while permitting the other pavvl to continue to engage and operate the ratchet and rod and automatic means for preventing said other pawl which normally operates on the forward stroke from engaging and operating the ratchet and rod when the carrier reaches its original position whereby the reciprocations of the carriage will then cause no lateral movement of the carrier.

In testimony, whereof I aiX my signature.

HENRY VAN NESS. 

